Dispenser for roll material



l 1954 J. c. LAYTON ETAL 3,140,060

DISPENSER FOR ROLL MATERIAL Filed April 18, 1960 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 v vII- INVENTORS J. 6. LA YTON, 76 Cg gmc/L. A. TUCKER H AiTam/EY y 7, 1964 J. c. LAYTON ETAL 0 DISPENSER FOR ROLL MATERIAL 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 18, 1960 INVENTORS J. C. LAYTO/V, Couucu. A. TUCKER ATTORNEY United States Patent ice 3,140,060 DISPENSER FOR ROLL MATERIAL J. C. Layton, La Hahra, and Council A. Tucker, Glendale, Calif., assignors to Towlsaver, Inc, Los Angeles, Calif, a corporation of California Filed Apr. 18, 1960, Ser. No. 22,943 6 Claims. (Cl. 242-55.53)

This invention relates to a towel dispenser and, more particularly, to a dispenser for roll toweling.

One of the primary problems encountered in the utilization of roll towel dispensers adapted to dispense paper toweling in roll form is the disposition of partially exhausted or stub rolls, which remain after the dispensers have been serviced by the installation therein of new rolls of toweling.

It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide a dispenser for paper toweling in roll form which is characterized by the provision therein of supporting bearings for a roll of paper toweling and of locating means for a partially consumed or stub roll. Therefore, the stub roll may be located between the locating means while the replacement roll of toweling is supported upon the supporting hearings in order that lengths of toweling from the replacement roll and the stub roll may be simultaneously issued from the dispenser.

Because of the somewhat greater capacity of the dispenser of the invention, it is desirable that the installation of the replacement roll of toweling on the supporting bearings therefor be facilitated. Another object of the invention is the provision of guide means within the housing of the dispenser adapted to guide the replacement roll during its installation upon the supporting bearings therefor so that mere insertion of the replacement roll in the housing of the dispenser by an attendant or custodian will cause the replacement roll to assume its proper location upon the supporting bearings therefor.

Due to the simultaneous issuance of the lengths of toweling from the stub and replacement rolls, a user of the dispenser may be less inclined to attempt to obtain additional toweling from the dispenser. In order to facilitate the users understanding that he is obtaining additional toweling, visual or manual perception of the two lengths of toweling by the user is desirable.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a dispenser of the aforementioned character wherein the locating means for the stub roll are offset with respect to the supporting bearings for the replacement roll. Therefore, when a dispensing cycle is initiated, in a manner to be described in greater detail below, the length of toweling from the stub roll is slightly out of register with the length of toweling from the replacement roll and thus the user of the dispenser is made cognizant of the fact that he is receiving two lengths of toweling from the dispenser.

Conventionally, dispensing mechanisms incorporated in towel dispensers are usually built into the housing of the dispenser and since the interior space defined by the housing is relatively restricted, maintenance or servicing of the dispensing mechanism frequently entails the removal of the entire-dispenser and replacement by a substitute dispenser.

An additional object of the invention is the provision of a dispensing mechanism for a dispenser of the aforementioned character which includes a pivotally mounted enclosure supported on the housing for movement between a first position in which it is located within the housing and a second position in which it is extended from the housing to facilitate the inspection or servicing thereof.

An associated object of the invention is the provision of a pivotal connection for the enclosure of the aforefil lhfififi Patented July 7, 1964 mentioned dispensing mechanism which is characterized by the fact that it may be released to permit the enclosure to be dismounted from operative engagement with the housing in order that a substitute enclosure and the accompanying dispensing mechanism may be installed in the dispenser. Therefore, the necessity for the removal of the dispenser in order to service the dispensing mechanism is eliminated.

A further object of our invention is the provision of an enclosure for the dispensing mechanism which is characterized by the fact that it incorporates guide means engageable by a replacement roll during the installation thereof to facilitate the insertion of the replacement roll within the confines of the housing of the dispenser.

Incorporated in the dispensing mechanism of the invention is a rotation control unit operatively connected to one of the rollers constituting a part of the dispensing mechanism and adapted to limit the rotation of the associated roller and, thus, to determine the length of toweling dispensed from the dispenser.

An associated object of the invention is the provision of a rotation control mechanism which is characterized by its simplicity of operation and the manner in which all of the elements thereof are mounted upon or in association with the pivotally movable enclosure.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a rotation control mechanism which includes a rotatable element and a pivotal element pivotally connected to the rotatable element and having first and second dogging surfaces thereupon engageable, respectively, by a fixed dog and a freely movable dog on the enclosure.

Because of the provision and utilization of a dispenser constructed in accordance with the teachings of the invention, the economic utilization of stub rolls conjointly with replacement rolls is achieved. Servicing time is substantially reduced by the elimination of the necessity for replacement of one dispenser by another because of the need for servicing the dispensing mechanism.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following specification and the accompanying drawings, which are for the purpose of illustration only, and in which:

FIG. 1 is an isometric view showing the external housing of a roll towel dispenser constructed in accordance with the teachings of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view showing the dispenser with the cover thereof lowered and the dispensing mechanism located within the housing of the dispenser;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view similar to FIG. 2 but showing the dispensing mechanism positioned externally of the housing;

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken on the broken line 44 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a side elevational view taken from the broken line 55 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional View taken on the broken line 6-6 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing the component parts of the rotation control unit in the position assumed immediately after the conclusion of the reverse rotation of the rotation control unit;

FIG. 8 shows the position assumed by the components of the rotation control unit at the initiation of a dispensing cycle; and

FIG. 9 illustrates the position assumed by the elements of the control unit immediately prior to the termination of a dispensing cycle.

Referring to the drawings and, particularly to FIGS. 1-4 thereof, we show a towel dispenser 10 for paper toweling in roll form, said dispenser being incorporated in a housing 12 constituted by an enclosure 14 and a cover 16 hingedly connected thereto at the lower extremity 9 thereof by means of a hinge pin 18. The cover 16 is normally maintained in closed position with respect to the enclosure 14 by means of a lock 20 of conventional construction, not shown in detail in the drawings.

The enclosure 14 and the cover 16 therefor may be fabricated from sheet metal or the like and the enclosure 14 is adapted to be secured to a wall surface or similar support by means of screws 22 extending through slots 24 in the rear wall of said enclosure, as best shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings.

Mounted within the confines of the enclosure are supporting bearings for a replacement roll 30 of paper toweling, said replacement roll being shown in position in FIG. 4 of the drawings and said bearings being constituted by a fixed bearing 32 and a movable bearing 34, as best shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings. The fixed bearing 32 includes a centrally located cylindrical boss 36 adapted to fit within the core 38 of the replacement roll 30 of toweling and the movable bearing 34 includes a cylindrical boss 40 adapted to be inserted into the core 38.

The fixed bearing 32 and the movable bearing 34 consittute supporting hearings or supporting members for the replacement roll 30. The movable bearing includes a supporting arm 42 which is pivotally mounted on the associated wall of the enclosure 14, in a manner not shown in detail in the drawings.

The fixed bearing 32 and movable bearing 34 are located in the primary dispensing position or location in the enclosure 14 where the replacement roll 30 is positioned when installed by an attendant or custodian. Located below the primary position or location in the enclosure 14 is a secondary position or location indicated at 46 in FIG. 4 of the drawings. A stub or partially exhausted roll 50 of toweling is adapted to be received in the secondary position 46 in the bottom of the enclosure 14, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 of the drawings, and to be located in the secondary position 46 by locating means constituted by upstanding lugs 54 which engage the opposite extremities of the stub roll 50 and serve to maintain said stub roll in a predetermined location at the secondary dispensing position 46.

The lugs 54 are displaced with respect to the supporting bearings 32 and 34 in order that a length of toweling issuing from the stub roll 50 will be out of register with the length of toweling issuing from the replacement roll 30. In this manner, the user of the dispenser will become cognizant of the fact that he is receiving two lengths of toweling and thus will be psychologically deterred from attempting to obtain additional toweling from the dispenser until such time as the auxiliary supply from the stub roll 50 is terminated by the exhaustion of said roll.

Therefore, when the attendant or custodian perceives that a partially exhausted or stub roll 50 remains in the machine he may immediately dismount it from the supporting bearings 32 and 34 therefor and place it between the locating lugs 54 at the auxiliary dispensing position 46. Subsequently, a replacement roll 30 will be installed upon the supporting bearings 32 and 34 at the primary dispensing position, in a manner to be described in greater detail below.

It will be noted that the bottom wall 56 of the enclosure 14 includes an upwardly inclined section 58 which, as best shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings, serves both to maintain the stub roll 50 at the secondary or auxiliary dispensing position 46 and as guide for a length 62 of toweling being dispensed from said stub roll. As best shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings, the upwardly inclined section 58 of the bottom wall 56 has triangular side walls 64. The bottom wall 56 also incorporates, as best shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings, a dispensing opening 66 through which a length 68 of toweling from the replacement roll 30 can issue simultaneously with the length 62 from the stub roll 50 of toweling.

Mounted at the lower extremity of the enclosure 14 is a dispensing mechanism 70 which, as best shown in FIGS.

4- 2-4 and 5-9, includes a sheet metal enclosure 72 having side plates 74 and 76 and a top plate 78. The side plates 74 and 76 and the opposite extremities of the top plate 78 are secured thereto by means of tabs 82 extending through corresponding openings in said plates. Each of the plates 74 and 76 has a depending leg 84 which has an opening therein adapted to receive a corresponding extremity of the hinge pin 18 so that the enclosure 72 is pivotally movable between a first position, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 of the drawings, wherein the enclosure lies within the confines of the housing enclosure 14, and a second position in which the enclosure 72 is disposed externally of the housing enclosure 14, as best shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings, to facilitate access to the components of the dispensing mechanism 70.

It will be noted that the upper edges of the side plates 74 and 76 project above the adjacent portions of the top plate 78 and thus serve, as best shown at 79 in FIGS. 2-4 of the drawings, as guides for the length 62 of toweling from the stub roll 50.

Mounted between the side plates 74 and 76 in openings 88 in said side plates, as shown in FIG. 6 of the drawings, is an elongated shaft 90 which is rotatable in bearings 92 located in the openings 88. The shaft 90 has an actuating handle 94 formed integrally therewith and extending through a corresponding slot 96 in the cover 16 of the housing 12. Mounted on the shaft 90 intermediate the extremities thereof is a dispensing roller 98 which, as best shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the drawings, incorporates a rubber sheath 100 adapted to increase the frictional effect of said roller.

Mounted in juxtaposition to the dispensing roller 98 is a back-up roller 102 which is secured on a shaft 104, the opposite extremities of which are located, as best shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 of the drawings, in slots 136 in the side plates 74 and 76 of the dispensing mechanism enclosure 72. Tension springs engage the opposite extremities of the shaft 104 and, as best shown in FIG. 5 of the drawings, the opposite extremities of the shaft 90 to pull the back-up roller 102 into engagement with the dispensing roller 98.

A length 68 of toweling from the replacement roll 30 and a corresponding length 62 of toweling from the stub roll 50 may be simultaneously threaded over the back-up roller 102 and through the space between the back-up roller 102 and the periphery of the rubber sheath encompassing the dispensing roller 98, said lengths depending through the dispensing opening 66 in the bottom 56 of the housing enclosure 14. Therefore, rotation of the handle 94 in a clockwise direction, as indicated by the arrow 112, in FIG. 1 of the drawings, will cause lengths of toweling 62 and 68 to be dispensed through the dispensing opening 66. Of course, exhaustion of the stub roll 50 will result in only one length 68 of toweling from the replacement roll 30 being dispensed through the dispensing opening 66.

The dispensing mechanism enclosure 72 is provided with a plurality of upwardly directed bosses 114, best shown in FIGS. 2-4 of the drawings, said bosses being adapted to serve as guides to insure the accurate location and engagement of the replacement roll 30 upon the bearings 32 and 34. When a replacement roll 30 is to be installed upon the bearings 32 and 34, the dispensing mechanism enclosure 72 is rotated outwardly into its second position, as best shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings, in order to provide suflicient clearance for the insertion of the replacement roll 30 after the stub roll 54) has been moved to the auxiliary dispensing location 46.

If, for any reason, the replacement roll 30 is not properly located upon the bearings 32 and 34, when the dispensing mechanism enclosure 72 is moved inwardly into its first position within the housing, as best shown in FIGS. 2-4 of the drawings, the bosses 114 will engage the underside of the replacement roll 30 and force it upwardly and inwardly within the housing 12 until the opposite extremities of the core 38 of the replacement roll 30 engage,

upon the bearings 32 and 34. Moreover, when the replacement roll 30 is positioned at the primary dispensing location, as shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings, the bosses 114 will prevent the dispensing mechanism enclosure 72 from moving outwardly from the interior of the housing 12 while the cover 16 is being closed thereupon by engaging on the bottom of the roll when the enclosure 72 moves outwardly.

Of course, during insertion of the replacement roll 30, the movable supporting bearing 34 is deflected to the left, as viewed in FIG. 2 of the drawings, to permit the cylindrical boss 40 thereupon to engage in the juxtaposed extremity of the core 38. It will be noted that the cylindrical boss 40 on the movable bearing 34 has a cam surface 118 thereupon which is engaged by the replacement roll 30 as it is inserted in the housing enclosure 14 and which displaces the movable bearing 34 to the left to facilitate the engagement of the cylindrical boss 40 in the corresponding extremity of the core 38.

In order to control the lengths of toweling dispensed by the dispenser 10, a rotation control unit 120 is provided upon the left-hand extremity of the shaft 90, as shown in FIGS. 2-3 of the drawings, and as shown in detail in FIGS. 5-9 of the drawings. The rotation control unit includes a rotatable element 124 of circular configuration which is fixed against rotation relative to the shaft 90 by means of a fiat 126 on said shaft, as best shown in FIG. 6 of the drawings. The rotatable element 124 may be formed from any desired material but, in the present case, is formed from nylon.

Disposed in operative relationship with the rotatable element 124 which is, in essence, a circular disk, is a substantially disk-like pivotal element 128, said pivotal element incorporating an opening 130 in which is engaged a pivot pin 132 formed integrally with the rotatable element 124. The rotatable element 124 and the pivotal element 128 have mutually engageable surfaces and the pivotal element 128 incorporates a skirt 138 which encompasses the rotatable element 124 and defines a substantially elliptical recess 140 in the pivotal element 128.

The pivotal element also includes a centrally located slot 142 which encompasses the contiguous portion of the shaft 90 and which is adapted, by engagement of its opposite extremities with the shaft 90, to limit movement of the pivotal element 128 with respect to the rotatable element 124. The perimeter of the pivotal element 128 has a radially directed boss 144 provided thereupon which defines a first dogging surface 146. The perimeter of the pivotal element 128 also includes a plurality of notches defining second dogging surfaces 148.

The adjacent surfaces of the rotatable element 124 and the pivotal element 128 are urged into engagement with each other by means of a spring washer 152 which is retained in operative relationship with the shaft 90 by means of a retainer 154, as best shown in FIG. 6 of the drawings. It should be mentioned that the pivotal element 128 can also be fabricated from nylon or any other suitable material.

A fixed stop 160 is secured to the side plate 74 adjacent the rotation control unit 120 and is adapted to be engaged by the first dogging surface 146 in a manner to be described in greater detail below. In other words, the tab 82 constituting the fixed stop 160 projects beyond the adjacent surface of the associated side plate 74. A freely movable stop 170 is mounted on the side plate 74 by a pivot pin 172 and consists of a rotatable dog 174 having an integral counterweight 176 and a dogging lug 178. The dogging lug 178 is adapted to engage the second dogging surface 148 provided on the perimeter of the pivotal element 128, in a manner to be described in greater detail below.

In considering the operation of the rotation control unit 120, as viewed in FIGS. 5-9 of the drawings, it should be pointed out that the views of FIGS. 5 and 7-9 are taken from the broken line 55 of FIG. 2 of the 6 drawings and that clockwise rotation of the actuating handle 94, as viewed in FIG. 1 of the drawings, appears as counterclockwise rotation of the shaft 90, as viewed in FIGS. 5 and 6-9 of the drawings. The rotation control unit 120 is adapted to permit a dispensing cycle constituted by one rotation of the shaft and the corresponding dispensing roller 98.

Rotation of the actuating handle 94 is accompanied by corresponding rotation of the shaft 90 as indicated by the arrow 180 in FIG. 7 of the drawings. FIG. 7 of the drawings illustrates the position of the elements of the rotation control unit as they appear immediately after the conclusion of a dispensing cycle and upon the initiation of another dispensing cycle. It will be noted that the first dogging surface 146 is clearing the fixed stop and that the counterweight 176 urges the dogging lug 178 of the movable stop against the perimeter of the pivotal element 128.

As the pivotal element 128 is rotated with the rotatable element 124, the pivotal element 128 is maintained against movement with respect to the rotatable element 124 by the action of the spring washer 152. Therefore, the elements 124 and 128 can be rotated without alteration in the relative positions thereof. During the continued rotation of the shaft 90, the boss 144 and its first dogging surface 146 pass freely over the dogging lug 178, the direction of rotation being indicated by the arrow 182 in FIG. 8 of the drawings.

As rotation of the rotary and pivotal elements 124 and 128 continues, as indicated in FIG. 9 of the drawings, the first dogging surface 146 engages the fixed stop 160 which drives the lower extremity of the slot 142 against the shaft 90, thus terminating the dispensing cycle.

In order to initiate another dispensing cycle, it is necessary to reversely rotate the rotatable and pivotal elements 124 and 128 by counterclockwise rotation of the actuating handle 94, as viewed in FIG. 1 of the draw,- ings. This causes the dogging lug 178 on the movable stop 170 to engage the juxtaposed second dogging surface 148 which, upon clockwise rotation of the pivotal element 128, as indicated by the arrow 184, results in the pivotal element 128 being drawn downwardly to urge the upper extremity of the slot 142 against the shaft 90, as shown in FIG. 7 of the drawings. In this manner, the first dogging surface 146 and the lug 144 defining the same are moved into the position shown in FIG. 7 of the drawings and can thus clear the fixed stop 160 for an additional rotational cycle.

Furthermore, the second dogging surfaces 148 pre vent continued reverse rotation of the pivotal member 128 and rotatable member 124 and thus prevent reverse rotation of the shaft 90 which would cause dislodgment of the lengths or length of toweling from the dispensing mechanism 70 and thus prevent continued dispensing of toweling. Thus, a predetermined amount of toweling might be delivered from the dispenser 10.

If, for any reason, the dispensing mechanism 70 of the rotation control unit 120 should fail, the enclosure 72 therefor can be pivotally rotated into the position shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings, to permit inspection of the components of the dispensing mechanism 70. If repair of the components appears indicated, withdrawal of the hinge pin 18 will permit the dispensing mechanism 70 to be removed from operative relationship with the housing 12.

After such withdrawal a new dispensing mechanism 70 can be installed in the housing 12 and retained in operative relationship therewith by the hinge pin 18. Furthermore, the dispenser of the invention is characterized by the manner in which the toweling from the stub roll can be dispensed simultaneously with that from the replacement roll and the issuance of two lengths of toweling can be detected by a user because of the fact that they are maintained out of register with each other.

Of course, the positive positioning of the elements of the rotation control unit with respect to each other insures against manipulation of the rotation control unit by a user to obtain more than a predetermined amount of toweling. Moreover, the limiting action of the pivotal element of the rotation control unit and the construction thereof is such that even the imposition of a great amount of force will not cause the rotation control unit to fail.

We claim:

1. In a towel dispensing device, the combination of: a housing having a cover thereupon; supporting hearings in said housing for supporting a roll of toweling; a pivotally mounted supporting enclosure in said housing; and a dispensing mechanism in said enclosure adapted to receive toweling from said roll, said dispensing mechanism including a plurality of dispensing rollers and a rotation control unit connected to one of said rollers to control the dispensing of toweling by said rollers, said enclosure incorporating end plates for mounting said dispenser mechanism.

2. In a towel dispensing device, the combination of: a housing having a cover thereupon; supporting bearings in said housing for supporting a roll of toweling; a pivotally mounted supporting enclosure in said housing; and a dispensing mechanism in said enclosure adapted to receive toweling from said roll, said dispensing mechanism including a plurality of dispensing rollers and a rotation control unit connected to one of said rollers to control the dispensing of toweling by said rollers, said enclosure incorporating guide means adapted to guide a roll of toweling into engagement with said supporting bearings, said enclosure incorporating end plates for mounting said dispenser mechanism.

3. In a dispenser for roll toweling, the combination of: a housing having supporting bearings for a roll of toweling mounted therein; and a dispensing mechanism pivotally mounted in said housing for movement between a first position in which it is located within said housing and a second position in which it extends from said housing, said dispensing mechanism including an enclosure having guide means thereupon adapted to engage a roll of toweling on said bearings as said enclosure is rotated into said first position in said housing to guid said roll of toweling into engagement with said supporting bearings, said enclosure incorporating end plates pivotally connecting said enclosure to said housing and a top plate having said guide means thereupon.

4. In a dispenser for roll toweling, the combination of: a housing having supporting bearings for a roll of toweling mounted therein, said housing having a guide portion thereupon located at the bottom thereof; and a dispensing mechanism pivotally mounted in said housing for movement between a first position in which it is located within said housing and a second position in which it extends from said housing, said dispensing mechanism including an enclosure having guide means thereupon adapted to engage a roll of toweling as it is inserted into said housing to guide said roll of toweling into engagement with said supporting bearings, said enclosure mating with said guide portion of said housing when located within said housing, said enclosure having end plates pivotally mounting said enclosure on said housing and having a top plate which constitutes the portion of said enclosure which mates with said guide portion of said housing.

5. In a roll toweling dispenser, the combination of: a housing; supporting bearings for a roll of toweling in said housing; and a toweling dispensing mechanism in said housing including a pivotally mounted enclosure having dispensing rollers supported thereupon and a rotation control mechanism connected to said rollers to limit the rotation thereof, said enclosure including end plates pivotally connecting said enclosure to said housing and a top plate supported on said end plates incorporating guid means adapted to guide a roll of toweling into engagement with said supporting bearings as it is inserted in said housing.

6. In a dispensing device, the combination of: a housing having a hinge and an enclosure portion and a cover portion connected to said enclosure portion by said hinge to the lower extremity of said enclosure portion, an enclosure secured to said enclosure portion by said hinge; and a dispensing mechanism incorporated in said enclosure so that said enclosure may be pivoted on said hinge between a first position in which it lies within the confines of said enclosure portion of said housing and a second position in which it is disposed externally of said enclosure portion of said housing.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 764,806 Ham July 12, 1904 1,658,608 Marcuse Feb. 7, 1928 1,958,080 Bottker et a1. May 8, 1934 2,248,193 Price et al July 8, 1941 2,278,029 Walsh et a1 Mar. 31, 1942 2,291,047 Lewis et a1. July 28, 1942 2,321,154 Perrin et al June 8, 1943 2,601,956 Birr June 1, 1952 2,708,375 Layton et al May 17, 1955 2,720,122 Layton et a1 Oct. 11, 1955 2,826,373 Schwartz Mar. 11, 1958 2,957,636 Lesavoy Oct. 25, 1960 

1. IN A TOWEL DISPENSING DEVICE, THE COMBINATION OF: A HOUSING HAVING A COVER THEREUPON; SUPPORTING BEARINGS IN SAID HOUSING FOR SUPPORTING A ROLL OF TOWELING; A PIVOTALLY MOUNTED SUPPORTING ENCLOSURE IN SAID HOUSING; AND A DISPENSING MECHANISM IN SAID ENCLOSURE ADAPTED TO RECEIVE TOWELING FROM SAID ROLL, SAID DISPENSING MECHANISM INCLUDING A PLURALITY OF DISPENSING ROLLERS AND A ROTATION CONTROL UNIT CONNECTED TO ONE OF SAID ROLLERS TO CONTROL THE DISPENSING OF TOWELING BY SAID ROLLERS, SAID ENCLOSURE INCORPORATING END PLATES FOR MOUNTING SAID DISPENSER MECHANISM. 